Friday, April 18, 2014

The Universe's Composition

Everything in the universe is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons.  Material composed of protons, neutrons and electrons is what astronomers call baryonic matter (ordinary atoms). [2] Until recent discoveries, astronomers thought almost the entire composition of the universe was baryonic matter until evidence suggested there is something more that we cannot see. [3] According to NASA, our universe is roughly made up of 68% dark energy, 27% dark matter, and about 5% normal matter. What exactly are these? [4] Dark energy is a form of energy that permeates all of space, producing a repulsive force that accelerates the expansion of the universe. Dark matter is matter that does not emit or absorb electromagnetic radiation. It is thought to constitute most of the mass in the universe. Normal matter is matter in galaxies-including stars, gas, and dust-that emits electromagnetic radiation. Dark energy was discovered when two separate teams of astronomers studied a Type Ia supernovae in 1998. They both independently found that the distances to the galaxies which had the supernovae they were observing were farther than when they had been found using other methods. There is so much that is a mystery about dark energy, forming more questions everyday about the universe.


                                                      
                                                               Composition Pie Chart
                  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/DMPie_2013.svg/250px-DMPie_2013.svg.png




References:
1.       “The Composition of the Universe”, Hubble News, https://www.spacetelescope.org/science/composition_of_universe/
2.       Webmaster: Britt Griswold, NASA Official: Dr. David T. Chuss, Friday, 01-24-2014, wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html
3.       “Dark Energy, Dark Matter”, NASA Official: Ruth Netting, April 30, 2013, science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy/
4.       “21st Century Astronomy: Stars and Galaxies fourth edition, Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110

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